Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) crashes are complex events that require a thorough understanding of various factors contributing to their occurrence. From (but not limited to) driver fitness; driver attentiveness; hours-of-service (fatigue driving); road conditions (weather); CMV conditions (mechanical failure); articles of cargo securement; pre-trip inspections and, driver being adequately or inadequately qualified. In addition, a multitude of additional elements can influence the dynamics of CMV crashes such as other driver actions and/or inactions, overall Motor Carrier fitness, etc. The following article delves into some of the intricacies of CMV crash dynamics, exploring common causes and the methodologies used by trucking expert witness to analyze these events.

The Anatomy of CMV Crashes

CMV crashes encompass a wide range of scenarios, each with its unique set of circumstances. However, several common causes contribute to the majority of these incidents:

Driver Error: Human factors play a significant role in CMV crashes, with driver error and/or inattention being a leading cause. Factors such as fatigue, distraction, driving too fast for conditions, impairment, and aggressive driving behaviors can impair a driver’s ability to safely operate a Commercial Motor Vehicle.

Vehicle Malfunctions: Mechanical failures, including foundation air-brake system malfunctions, tire/retread blowouts, CMV lighting, and engine failure can result in CMV crashes. Regular maintenance and inspections are essential for preventing mechanical failure related crashes.

External Factors: Road conditions, other drivers, outside distractions, and environmental hazards can significantly impact CMV crash dynamics and causation. Poor visibility, slippery roads, traffic, construction zones, and uneven surfaces pose challenges for drivers, increasing the risk of accidents.

Cargo Distribution/Securement: Improper loading or securement of articles of cargo can lead to shifts in weight distribution, affecting the stability, handling and braking of CMVs (FMCSR: “Proper Distribution and Adequate Securement”), thus causing CMV instability regarding articles of cargo shifting while traversing the public roadways. Cargo-related crashes often result from overloading, uneven weight distribution, or inadequate securement of articles of cargo.

Analyzing CMV Crash Dynamics

To understand the complexities of CMV crashes, trucking experts employ a systematic and regulatory approach to analyze CMV crashes, all crashes being analyzed by in-house Truck Accident & Incident Expert (TAIE), FMCSA/MCSAP/NASI Roadside Enforcement Trained Inspectors:

Scene/Site Examination: When necessary, TAIE will begin by examining the crash scene to gather evidence and assess the potential factors contributing to the crash. This includes documenting road conditions, photo documenting, drone when necessary, skid marks, gouge marks, vehicle positions, and any other relevant details.

Data Collection: Retrieving data from onboard recording devices, such as electronic logging devices (ELDs) and event data recorders (EDRs), provides valuable insights into vehicle speed, braking, acceleration, and driver behavior leading up to the crash.

Driver Interviews: When possible, interviewing drivers involved in CMV crashes allows TAIE Inspectors to gain firsthand accounts of the events leading up to the incident. This helps identify potential factors such as fatigue, distraction, or impairment.

Vehicle Inspection: A comprehensive CVSA/NASI Level 1 Post Crash Inspection by TAIE Inspectors regarding the involved CMV is conducted to identify any mechanical defects or maintenance issues that may or may not have contributed to the subject crash. This includes examining brake systems, tires, steering components, and other critical components.

Reconstruction Analysis: Utilizing specialized software and techniques, specialist crash reconstruction experts recreate the sequence of events leading to the collision. This involves analyzing vehicle dynamics, impact angles, crush damage, and kinetic energy to determine the cause and contributing factors of the crash.

Regulatory Compliance Review: TAIE Investigators also carefully review Discovery when available to determine compliance with federal (Interstate) and state (Intrastate) regulations governing CMV operations, including driver hours-of-service requirements, Driver Q-Files, deposition (EBT) transcripts, vehicle maintenance records, and cargo securement standards.

Preventative Measures and Safety Strategies

Understanding the complexities of CMV crash dynamics is crucial for implementing effective preventative measures and safety strategies. Some key initiatives include:

Driver Training and Education: Providing effective and regular training programs for CMV drivers on safe driving practices, defensive driving techniques, and awareness of potential hazards can help reduce the risk of crashes. Refreshing on the AAMVA CDL Manual is a significant method of reminding professional CMV drivers of their duties in terms of the FMCSR and the rules of the road.

Technological Advancements: Advancements in vehicle safety technologies, such as collision avoidance systems, lane departure warnings, and electronic stability control, can enhance CMV safety by mitigating the impact of human error and vehicle malfunctions.

Regulatory Compliance Enforcement: Strict enforcement of regulations governing CMV operations, including driver hours-of-service limits, vehicle maintenance standards, and cargo securement requirements, helps ensure compliance and prevent crashes.

Infrastructure Improvements: Investing in infrastructure enhancements, such as road maintenance, signage improvements, and traffic management systems, can address environmental factors that contribute to CMV crashes and improve overall road safety.

Conclusion

CMV crashes are multifaceted events influenced by a combination of factors ranging from driver behavior to external conditions and vehicle-related issues. By gaining a deeper understanding of CMV crash dynamics and employing rigorous analysis techniques, CMV/Regulatory experts such as TAIE trucking experts can identify root causes and develop effective strategies to prevent future incidents. Through a comprehensive approach encompassing driver training, technological advancements, regulatory compliance, and infrastructure improvements, stakeholders can work together to enhance CMV safety and minimize the number and impact of crashes on roadways.